Comparison of Multiplication Cycles of Bacteriophage and Animal Viruses

Attachment

Tail fibers attach to cell wall proteins

Penetration

Viral DNA injected into host cell

Capsid enters by endocytosis or fusion

Uncoating

Not required

Enzymatic removal of capsid proteins

In cytoplasm

In nucleus (DNA viruses) or cytoplasm (R.NA viruses)

Chronic infection

Lysogeny

Latency; slow viral infections; cancer

Release

Host cell lysed

Enveloped viruses bud out; nonenveloped viruses rupture plasma membrane